Based on the field survey data collected from 277 households in 12 counties in provinces of Heilongjiang,Shandong and Jiangsu in 2017,this article probes into the impacts of technology subsidy on farmers’ service efficiency and operation quality.The results show that:(1) The technology subsidy encouraging farmers to use agricultural machinary to return straw to soil could raise the efficiency of socialized service of agricultural machinery households; (2) the operation quality,upgraded with the advent of technology subsidy,is noticeably in a positive correlation with the third-party verification; (3) a greater influence on service efficiency and operation quality is observable for farmers with a higher degree of specialization.Finally,this article puts forward proposals to improve operation quality and the government’s promotion of straw returning technology.