Based on the survey data from 1,104 rural old people in 36 counties in 12 provinces,this paper adopts binary logistics regression model and descriptive analysis method to empirically investigate the possibility of moderate scale operation and its realization path from the perspective of the willingness of the rural elderly to transfer their land.The results show that 47% of the rural elderly are willing to transfer their land and there is a significant relationship between their health status and their willingness.It could be concluded that:(1) Moderate scale operation is possible; (2) the first step to promote land transfer and moderate scale operation is giving priority to solving the “basic survival” problem of the rural elderly,which explicates that the more they benefit from land transfer,the more active they are to let out their land; (3) improving the rural intergenerational relationship and increasing land transfer prices contribute to moderate scale operation; (4) priority should be given to people in the 70 plus group with a poor health condition and people living near the county,which proves to be feasible and highly-efficient.