Aiming at the phenomenon of hitchhiking,a harmful behavior to collective interests in the development of farmers’ professional cooperative associations,this paper uses evolutionary game analysis method to discuss the theoretical logic of associations members’ behavior choices in different stages of the development of the associations,and uses MATLAB software to carry out numerical simulation.The study finds that:(1) In the initial stage of the association,a rigid reward and punishment mechanism can effectively solve the “free-rider” problem caused by higher cooperative costs.(2) In the development stage of the association,on the one hand,the residual control rights make the ordinary societies more inclined to “free-rider” than the core societies; on the other hand,the advent of club goods increases staff members’ income expectation for “free-rider”,which might be reduced by the reinforcement of rewards and punishments mechanism.To this end,this paper proposes to strengthen the supervision of the Union and the government,to improve the benefit distribution mechanism and to realize the interest linkage between the member cooperatives and the union.