Choosing the appropriate transformation path in line with the reality of China’s agricultural development is of great significance for the transformation of agricultural support policy with the production increasing orientation.In order to provide a clear reference for the path selection of China’s policy transformation,we made a comparative analysis of Japan and the EU which had similar resources endowments and transformation background with China and took different paths to promote agricultural support policy transformation with good results.An in-depth discussion is given on their policy transformation,especially on the reasons for choosing different transformation paths,the corresponding transformation paths and the major policy measures.It is found that Japan chose the transformation path with the primary goal of improving its agricultural competitiveness,and has been building a new competitiveness-oriented policy system based on low agricultural competitiveness of the small-scale agricultural production pattern; the EU chose the transformation path that focused on promoting the sustainable development due to the reality that the current agricultural environmental protection was far from expectation and,along this path,two rounds of reforms in recent years have been promoted.At present,China’s agriculture is facing the dual pressure of weakening competitiveness and insufficient capacity for sustainable development.Policy transformation should be aimed at promoting competitiveness and improving sustainable development at the same time,and multiple measures should be taken to improve agricultural competitiveness,and in the meantime sustainable development of agriculture should also be promoted.