The paper constructs some models to measure the department and space misallocation of land resources and the benefits losses caused by this error based on the theory of resource misallocation and C-D production function and discusses the degree and benefits of land resource department misallocation and space misallocation using the provincial panel data from 1996 to 2015 in China.The results show:1)from 1996 to 2015 in China,the revised agricultural land misallocation rate decreased from 24.02% to 4.64%,and the construction land misallocation rate decreased from 198.08% to 13.18%; 2)the benefit loss of land resources sector misallocation in China presented features of decrease before rise reaching 2 398.28 billion yuan in 2015,with an average annual loss rate of 1.98%; the benefit loss rate of land resources sector misallocation decreased from 14.33% to 11.62% in China,but the benefit loss increased from 465.23 billion yuan to 3 544.11 billion yuan;3)the benefit loss types of land misallocation in Eastern and Central region varied from agricultural land for agricultural use to agricultural land for non-agricultural use,and the turning points were the years of 2001 and 2013 respectively.The benefit loss type of land resource misallocation in Western region has always been agricultural land for agricultural use from 1996 to 2015.The spatial misallocation type of land resources in Eastern region was a shortage misallocation,while there was an excessive misallocation in Central and Western regions.Therefore,the paper draws conclusions as follows:1)There is a significant difference in land resources misallocation in China.The shortage misallocation and excessive misallocation coexist.The land misallocation degree of Western region and Central region is higher than the Eastern region,but the benefit losses of land misallocation in Eastern region is far greater than the Western region and Central region;2)There is a downward trend with respect to the degree of land misallocation and its benefit losses in China,but the benefit loss caused by land resource misallocation was still increasing due to the existence of income differences between departments and regions;3)the fundamental paths for correcting the land resource misallcation are to adjust the allocation between departments and regions and reduce the differences of land marginal output benefits between sectors and regions.