In the context of targeted poverty alleviation,deep poverty areas are greatly restricted,compared with other region. Due to the lack of the critical input,like the initial material capital and human capital,they are deprived of the chance to achieve a leapfrog development. In the long term,improving human capital plays an important role in poverty elimination and more attention needs to be paid to the intervention of material capital outside the poverty-stricken areas in case of the shortage of human capital. The practice of poverty alleviation carried out in H Village in M county shows that the effect of using external material capital to temporarily replace human capital is remarkable. The result shows that the industrial poverty alleviation of H village brings the income for the main industry and obvious overflow income. The income of farmers taking the intervention measures is significantly higher than that of farmers not taking such measures. In conclusion,external assistance is of great significance to lift the deep poverty group out of poverty. But it is equally important to realize the complexity of elimination of deep poverty since human capital is critical to make a transition from “blood transfusion” to “hematopoiesis”.