Based on the analytical framework of the dual geographical perspectives and the data of the migrants’ social integration and health survey in 2014,this paper explored the influencing factors of rural migrants’ life satisfaction. The results show that:(1)In the four dimensions of economic,cultural,social and psychological characteristics of urban adaptation,the first three have a significant positive impact on life satisfaction yet the impact of the last is not significant. (2) The local cultural identity has a significant positive impact on life satisfaction. The family separation has a significant negative impact on life satisfaction yet the impact of cultivated land is not significant. (3)The influence of hometown attachment and urban adaptation on life satisfaction has a tensile effect. The higher the level of urban economic adaptation is,the smaller the positive impact of local cultural identity on life satisfaction is,but the negative impact of family separation is independent. Therefore,it is of great significance to improve the urban adaptation level of rural migrants and to solve the dilemma of family separation for the improvement of life satisfaction and the overall development of urban and rural society.