Developing new quality productive forces is the inherent requirement of promoting high-quality agricultural development and an essential path for accelerating the construction of a strong agricultural nation.Rural human capital is the foudamental element for the formation and development of new quality productive forces in agriculture.High-quality rural labor force demonstrates strong driving force for high-quality agricultural development by promoting high-tech application，facilitating high-efficiency production，and boosting high-quality output. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，the level of rural human capital in China has been continuously improving， the promotion and application of advanced agricultural technology have been accelerating，the foundation for efficient agricultural production has been solid，and remarkable progress has been made in high-quality agricultural output.However，in the context of developing new quality productive forces characterized by high-tech application，high-efficiency production，and high-quality output，China still faces issues such as insufficient scale and suboptimal structure of high-quality agricultural labor force，imperfect mechanisms for cultivating local rural talents，difficulties in attracting and retaining talents in rural areas，and inadequate foundation for agricultural scientific and technological innovation and its limited promotion and application.In the new stage and on the new journey，we should anchor the goal of building a strong agricultural nation， use human capital as an engine to boost the development of new quality productivity， unleash the potential of rural human resources，innovate the mechanism for cultivating local rural talents，improve the mechanisms for attracting and retaining talents in rural areas，and accelerate the transformation and application of agricultural scientific and technological achievements.