The traditional dryland （HS0）， dryland converted paddy field in 1 year （HS1）， dryland converted paddy field in 5 year （HS5） and local traditional paddy field （CK） in typical dryland-to-paddy area of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were selected to study the effects of dryland converted paddy field （dryland-to-paddy） on soil aggregates in southern red soil areas. Methods including dry screening and wet screening were used to compare and analyze the properties of soil aggregates in the tillage layer. The results showed that the content of soil aggregates >0.25 mm （R_>0.25） in mechanical aggregates and water-stable aggregates in HS0， HS1， HS5 and CK was 90.0%， 94.0%， 95.8%， 98.1% and 81.0%， 70.6%， 76.0% and 95.4% in the traditional arid land and after dryland-to-paddy， with the mean weight diameter （Φ_MWD） of 3.35 mm， 3.63 mm， 3.69 mm， 4.73 mm and 2.25 mm， 0.94 mm， 1.54 mm， 4.63 mm， respectively. The geometric mean diameter （Φ_GMD） of the water-stable aggregates in HS1 decreased by 68% compared with that in HS0. The percentage of aggregate destruction （r_PAD） of > 0.25 mm aggregate increased first and then decreased with the years of dryland-to-paddy compared with that in HS0， with the increase in HS1 and HS5 by 61% and 34%， while there was a significant decrease of 76% in CK. The results of structural equation model and random forest analyses indicated that the cation exchange capacity （CEC） and the content of total nitrogen （TN） in soil were the important factors affecting the stability of soil aggregates in the tillage layer of dryland converted paddy fields.