Bacterial wilt，caused by Ralstonia solanacearum，is a soil-borne disease that poses significant challenges for control due to its strong stress resistance and diverse transmission pathways.Preventing and managing bacterial wilt is difficult because this pathogen evolves rapidly，and has a wide host range.Biological control，recognized as an eco-friendly and sustainable strategy，has emerged as a crucial approach for managing bacterial wilt.In order to clarify the complex interactions among pathogenic bacteria，plant hosts，and biocontrol strategies，and to promote the effective management of bacterial wilt，this article reviewed recent advances in the biocontrol of bacterial wilt from three aspects： the inhibitory effects of biological metabolites，such as antibiotics and methyl gallate，on R. solanacearum； the control of the pathogen by bacteria and fungi through antagonistic actions，as well as by bacteriophages employing specific lytic strategies； and the suppression of pathogen over-proliferation and disease manifestation at an ecological level through the regulation of microbial communities.Additionally，we discussed the multiple challenges of biocontrol，including microbial activity，the complex genetic diversity of pathogenic bacteria，the frequent occurrence of complex diseases，limited resources of biocontrol agents，and high economic costs.It was proposed that the future biocontrol of bacterial wilt should focus on improving control efficacy and application sustainability through the construction of synthetic microbial communities，phage-prebiotic combinations，synthetic biological transformations，and comprehensive management strategies.