In order to enhance and optimize the technology and processes involved in tailwater treatment for pond aquaculture，the removal effects of four types of reactors with pyrrhotite （Group B1），pyrrhotite+sulfur （Group B2），siderite+sulfur （Group B3），and pyrrhotite+sulfur+limestone （Group B4） as the substrates were constructed，and the removal efficiencies of NO₃^--N and PO₄^3--P in the tailwater from pond aquaculture as well as the safety of the reactors were compared.The results were as follows：（1） Under the conditions of hydraulic retention times of 24 h，12 h and 6 h，Group B3 exhibited the most effective removal of NO₃^--N ，with an average mass concentration of NO₃^--N in its effluent ranging from a minimum of 0.17 mg/L to a maximum of 0.61 mg/L，achieving a removal rate exceeding 80%.Both Groups B1 and B3 had the most effective removal of PO₄^3--P，with an average mass concentration of PO₄^3--P in their effluent measuring as low as 0.08 mg/L and as high as 0.42 mg/L，and the removal rate exceeded 70%.（2） The effluent sulfate and TFe concentrations in Groups B1 and B3 were lower and safer.Their average sulfate mass concentrations at three hydraulic retention times ranged from 98.67 mg/L to 245.45 mg/L and from 133.33 mg/L to 294.71 mg/L，respectively.The average TFe mass concentrations varied from 0.044 mg/L to 3.07 mg/L and from 1.32 mg/L to 7.90 mg/L，respectively.In terms of effluent NO₂^--N concentration，the safety ranking of the four groups of reactors，from highest to lowest，was B4>B2=B3>B1.Conversely，regarding effluent NH₄⁺-N concentration，the safety ranking from highest to lowest was B1>B2=B3>B4.The above results indicate that Group B3 demonstrates both high efficiency and high safety in the removal of NO₃^--N and PO₄^3--P，and it can be applied to actual aquaculture tailwater treatment.