Sweet cherry （Prunus avium L.） is an important economic fruit tree，and the quality of its flower bud is greatly affected by temperature.The characteristics of whole genome of the heat shock transcription factors （HSF） family in sweet cherry were identified，and the expression profiles of the HSF gene family members in different organs/tissues of sweet cherry and their responses under high and low temperature stresses were analyzed using qRT-PCR technology.The results showed that there were 17 HSF members in the genome of sweet cherry，named as in sequence from PavHSF1 to PavHSF17 based on the locations on chromosomes.All members of this family are hydrophilic proteins localized in the nucleus，and distributed on chromosomes except for the chromosome 6 and 8.There were low temperature and other stress responsive elements in the promoter region，indicating that PavHSF may be involved in the response to abiotic stress.PavHSF can be divided into 3 categories and 13 subtypes in evolution，with 2 pairs of collinear gene.The number of gene pairs collined with monocotyledonous plants is the least.The results of analyzing tissue-specific expression showed that PavHSF members had the highest level of expression in dormant flower buds and leaf buds，while PavHSF3 was highly expressed in all tissues of sweet cherry.The expression of PavHSF11，PavHSF13，PavHSF15 and PavHSF16 under the high temperature was significantly increased，indicating that they are main genes responding to the high temperature.The expression of PavHSF13，PavHSF15 and PavHSF17 under the low temperature increased most significantly，indicating that they are transcription factors responding to the low temperature.It is indicated that PavHSF family is widely involved in the growth and development of sweet cherry，and closely related to the temperature stress.It will provide a basis for further cloning genes and studying functions of HSF family in sweet cherry.