In order to study the current status of plankton and fish resources in the Enshi Section of the Qingjiang River Basin, surveys and analyses of aquatic biological resources such as phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish were carried out in January, April, and July 2023 in the mainstem of the Enshi Section of Qingjiang River Basin and its tributaries which including Changpian River, Xiaoxi River, Zhongjian River, and Mashui River. A total of 100 species (including varieties) of phytoplankton were detected in 8 phylum, of which 28 species were found in the Chlorophyta and 19 species were dominant in the Cyanophyta. The species, density and biomass of phytoplankton showed an upward trend. Zooplankton were detected in 4 categories, 40 families and 55 genera, among which 25 genera of Protozoa were found to be the most numerous; 3 species of zooplankton were found to be dominant, all belonging to the Protozoa. The number of zooplankton species increased, but the density and biomass did not change significantly. Totally 51 species of fish were collected, belonging to 3 orders, 11 families and 44 genera, among which the Cypriniformes had the largest number of species, with 39. The dominant species were the Rhynchocypris oxycephalus, Pseudorasbora parva, Opsariichthys bidens and Hemiculter leucisculus. The number of fish species in the Enshi Section of the Qingjiang River Basin decreased significantly compared to the historical number in 1987, 1990 (total of 122 species), while the number of species increased compared to the 2020~2022 survey data (44 species). Fish in the Enshi Section of the Qingjiang River Basin tend to be miniaturised and have low biodiversity. Rare fish resources such as Rhinogobio ventralis and Spinibarbus sinensis, which produce drifting eggs are in serious decline, but the resources of rare fish which mainly produce adhesive eggs such as Schizothorax davidi, Euchiloglanis david and Procypris rabaudi, as well as economic fish resources such as Cultrichthys erythropterus have rebounded. These changes are mainly related to the changes in hydrological conditions caused by the development and construction of large-scale water conservancy projects. It is recommended that stickleback egg-laying fishes such as the Schizothorax davidi should protect and restore their habitat. At the same time, we recommend regularly carry out artificial enhancement and releasing for fishes such as Rhinogobio ventralis, Spinibarbus sinensis et al. and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Aristichthys nobilis et al. Through those methods to achieve the purpose of improving aquatic biodiversity in Enshi Section of Qingjiang River Basin.