This study aimed to investigate the effects of spraying ordinary molybdenum fertilizer and nano molybdenum fertilizer on the growth of tobacco and the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. "Yunyan 87" was used as the experimental material in a pot experiment with five treatments: control (CK), ammonium molybdate (T1), nano molybdenum oxide (T2), nano molybdenum zinc sulfate (T3), and nano molybdenum potassium sulfate (T4). Agronomic traits, biomass accumulation, molybdenum content, and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium accumulation in tobacco were analyzed. The results showed that both spraying ordinary molybdenum fertilizer and nano molybdenum fertilizer effectively increased plant height, leaf length, leaf width, and total leaf sugar content of tobacco. The treatment with nano molybdenum zinc sulfate performed the best. Under nano molybdenum zinc sulfate treatment, the fresh weight and dry weight of tobacco leaves increased by 32.29% and 29.95% compared to the ammonium molybdate treatment, respectively. Compared to the control, the molybdenum accumulation in tobacco leaves increased by 18.48 times, 17.30 times, 11.72 times, and 16.70 times under the ammonium molybdate, nano molybdenum oxide, nano molybdenum zinc sulfate, and nano molybdenum potassium sulfate treatments, respectively. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium accumulation in tobacco leaves tended to increase under molybdenum fertilizer treatments. Specifically, compared to the control, nano molybdenum zinc sulfate treatment increased nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium accumulation in tobacco leaves by 30.61%, 39.94%, and 48.78%, respectively, surpassing the increases seen with ammonium molybdate (18.86%, 28.79%, and 20.92%). This indicates that nano molybdenum fertilizer is more effective than ordinary molybdenum fertilizer in promoting the growth of tobacco seedlings and the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, with nano molybdenum zinc sulfate showing the best performance.