In order to developping a more efficient rice cocultivation model, a field experiment was carried out at the Jianli Base of Shuangshui and Shuanglu Research Institute of Huazhong Agricultural University in 2022. The occurrence of diseases, insects and weeds and the diversity of arthropods in the field were investigated under the rice monoculitivaiton(CK), rice-crayfish cultivation (RC) and two rice-duck-crayfish cultivations (HRDC，rice-dark-crayfish model with high frequency of dark locomotion；LRDC，with low frequency). The results showed that the inhibitory effect of ducks on non-gramineous weeds (Cyperus difformis and Alternanthera philoxeroides) was very significant (P<0.05), but not on grasses (Echinochloa crusgall and Leptochloa chinensis), and the inhibitory effect of HRDC on non-gramineous weeds was higher than that of LRDC. In addition, compared with CK and RC, two treatments with duck had a significant effect on inhibiting the damage of rice leaf roller borer and rice planthopper at tillering stage and booting stage (P<0.05), but did not show a significant control on rice stem borer. At booting stage, the diversity and evenness of plots treated by duck were significantly higher than those of CK treated with pesticide (P<0.05), and the diversity and evenness of HRDC were the highest, followed by the treatment of LRDC. In summary, duck farming in rice-crayfish cultivation fields is a feasible and effective environmental friendly control system in rice fields.