During 2007-2008,a preliminary survey of rhizosphere parasitic nematodes of poplar tree was carried out in Jiangsu Province.By means of morphological characteristics and measurement values,9 species,7 genus of poplar tree rhizosphere parasitic nematodes were identified,i.e.Filenchus australis,Filenchus orbus,Helicotylenchus digitiformis,Scutellonema brachyurus,Paratylenchus minutus,Aphelenchus isomerus,Aphelenchoides limberi,Aphelenchoides bicaudatus and Xiphinema americanum. Except for Aphelenchus isomerus,poplar tree was new host plant for the other 8 species of nematodes.