According to the ground weather observation data from l960 to 2007 at 71 weather stations in Hubei Province and the drought and flood disaster-affected and disaster-suffering area data,the drought and flood index of Hubei Province was proposed based on single station index often used in Hubei Province.Factors such as the variation characters of drought and flood,the disaster-affected area,the disaster-affected rate (the ratio of the disaster-affected area to total planting area),the disaster-suffering rate (the ratio of the disaster-suffering area to total disaster-affected area),the meteorological disasters index of drought and flood and the rice planting percentage in Hubei Province were analyzed by using the least square method.The results showed that the main flood season of Hubei Province is from June to August,in which more than 85% of medium flood and more than 90% of serious flood ocurred,and that the drought may occur in once a month potentially.Because the most important farming season in Hubei Province is from April to September,the drought during this period has the greatest influence on the local agricultural production.In conclusion,the meteorological disasters of drought and flood in Hubei Province occur every year in different degree.The serious flood occurs one time every 3 years and the serious drought occurs one time every 4 years in recent 50 years.Though the annual trend of the drought and flood index is ambiguous,the increasing tendency of the disaster-affected area and the disaster-suffering rate is obvious.On one hand,the agricultural planting structure has changed,namely,the rice planting area decreased while the dry land area increased relatively.This change enhanced the waterlogging degree of dry land crops due to the rice having a good waterlogging tolerance and being able to store water.On the other hand,the farmland water conservancy facilities are aging and the riverway is being silted up.