With the improvement of living standards,people’s demand for aquatic crustacean products such as shrimp and crab is increasing day by day,and the shrimp and crab breeding industry has made great progress recently.At the same time,due to frequent outburst of diseases,shrimp farming industry loses tens of billions of dollars every year.Immune system in vertebrates consists of innate immunity and adaptive immunity,but lack specific adaptive immunity,therefore,vertebrates mainly depend on innate immunity to defend themselves against pathogen invasion.As an important class of invertebrates,shrimp has been found to advance rapidly in the research of innate immunity in the past decade,and shrimp antiviral (especially anti-WSSV immunity) research has made considerable progress.There is no effective platforms,such as cell line and recognized model organism for shrimp and other crustaceans.However,there are still some studies using shrimp or crab as models to study the innate immune response mechanism of crustaceans,which can not only enrich the knowledge of innate immune mechanism,but also provide effective theoretical support for the disease prevention and control of crustaceans.This paper summarizes the research results of innate immunity of shrimps in recent years,and the current research progress in immune recognition,signal transduction,immune defense and so on.Especially,the mechanism of disease resistance of crayfish,a famous and special product in Hubei Province,is described in detail.