To study the effects of different optimized practices on the growth of spring maize and soil properties under no mulch (NM) and plastic ?lm mulch (FM) cultivations, and provide the optimized management of phosphorus (P) fertilization that improve P use efficiency, a ?eld experiment with four P fertilization practices was carried out:CK(no P fertilizer), LAPP(localized fertilization of ammonium polyphosphate),BSSP (broadcasted fertilization of calcium superphosphate),LSSP (localized fertilization of calcium superphosphate) .The results showed that in the early growth stage of spring maize, compared with NM cultivation, soil water content and water storage under FM cultivation were increased by 24.7%, and soil temperature was increased by 11%.The aboveground biomass of maize under FM was 1.81 times higher than that under NM after sowing.The accumulation of P in the maize shoot under FM was 1.59 times higher than that under NM.The alkaline phosphatase activity in the LAPP treatment was 28.7%?30.8% lower but 7.4%?20.4% higher than that in the BSSP treatment under FM condition, and 14.8%?45.9% higher than that in the BSSP treatment under NM.Soil available P content in the LAPP treatment was higher than that in other treatments.In addition, at 50?day after sowing, the total root length, root surface area and length of fine root (<0.5 mm) in the LAPP treatment were grow better than that in other treatments.Therefore, film mulching is still the main way to keep water and heat and promote the growth of spring maize in the rainfed areas of Northwest China, and localized application of ammonium polyphosphate is beneficial to the growth of maize and the use efficiency of P fertilizer.