Suppressor of cytokine signaling （SOCS） plays an important role in inhibiting cytokine receptors in the signaling pathway of JAK/STAT. The cDNA sequences of 10 socs genes including socs1，socs2，socs3a，socs3b，socs4，socs5a，socs5b，socs6，socs7 and socs9 were obtained from the transcriptome of Megalobrama amblycephala to study the sequence characteristics and function of SOCS family genes in M. amblycephala. The theoretical molecular weight， theoretical isoelectric point and functional domain of 10 SOCS in M. amblycephala were predicted with bioinformatics using online websites including ExPASY and SMART. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 10 SOCS were divided into type I subfamily including SOCS4，SOCS5a，SOCS5b，SOCS6，SOCS7 and SOCS9， and type Ⅱ subfamily including SOCS1，SOCS2，SOCS3a and SOCS3b. The results of semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that the 10 socs genes in healthy M. amblycephala had obvious tissue specificity in the tissues tested. The expression levels of socs1， socs2 and socs3 were high in most tissues tested， followed by socs9， while the expression of other genes was low in all tissues tested. The relative expressions of 10 socs genes in spleen， trunk kidney and head kidney of M. amblycephala were detected after infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Results showed that the relative expressions of socs1， socs2， socs3a and socs3b were up-regulated significantly at certain time point. It is indicated that the expression patterns of the 10 socs genes in M. amblycephala are different， the functions of the 10 socs genes in M. amblycephala are diverse， and some genes including socs1， socs2， socs3 play an important role genes in immune response. It will lay a foundation for further studying their function.