Six treatments including straw returning with feeding （SF），straw returning without feeding （SNF），straw removal with feeding （NSF），straw removal without feeding （NSNF），rice monoculture with straw returning （CK-S），and rice monoculture with straw removal （CK-NS） were set up to study the effects of straw returning to field and feeding on rice quality under rice-cray co-culture mode. The results showed that feeding （F） significantly increased the yields of rice and crayfish，and the nutritional quality of rice. In the case of straw returning （S） and straw removal （NS），the content of protein in the F treatment was increased by 27.41% and 36.16%，respectively，significantly improved the nutritional quality of rice. The interaction between S treatment and F treatment significantly affected the processing quality of rice. The whole milled rice rate and milled rice rate were the highest under NSNF treatment，significantly higher than those under SF，SNF and NSF treatment. Straw returning，feeding and their interaction had no significant impact on the quality of cooking and eating. There was no significant difference in RVA viscosity spectrum of rice. Rice-crayfish co-culture mode improved the appearance quality of rice. Compared with CK-S，the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree of SF decreased by 15.09% and 15.65%，respectively. It is indicated that straw returning and feeding can improve rice quality under rice-crayfish co-culture mode to a great extent.