This article designed a precision seeder with seed disturbance and side-filling slotted disk type to improve the seed filling performance of maize seeder. A structure of picking up seed with seed disturbance and side filling was proposed based on the size parameters of maize kernels， which can realize the attitude adjustment disturbance and seed guidance during seed filling， and effectively improve the activity of population， and the duration and efficiency of seed filling. The key structural parameters of the seeder were designed and the principle of seed picking was analyzed by establishing the mechanical and kinematics models. The simulation analysis was conducted with EDEM software to clarify the disturbance performance. On this basis， the key factors affecting the efficiency of the seeder including the speed of the seed tray， the depth of the slot hole， and the deviation angle of seed filling were obtained. A central combination test with three factors and three levels was conducted based on these factors. Data analysis was conducted on the results of test， and regression models of the pass index， miss seeding index， and reseeding index were established. The results of analysis and optimization showed that the pass index， miss seeding index， the qualified index， and reseeding index predicted by the optimized model was 94.32%，1.95%，and 3.73% when the speed of the seed tray， the depth of the slot， and the angle of seed filling was 28 r/min， 8.2 mm， and 67°. The qualification index， the missed sowing index， and the replanting index verified through field test was 92.97%，2.14%，and 4.89%， which was in line with the predicted results of the model optimized. It is indicated that the evaluation indicators of the maize precision seeder with seed-disturbance and side-filling slotted disk meet the agronomic requirements of sowing.