In order to achieve the goal of high yield, high quality and high efficiency under the ecological planting and breeding mode of rice field, four kinds of planting and breeding modes were set up, including rice duck shrimp field block mode (BRXD), rice duck shrimp unit feeding mode (CRXD), rice duck shrimp nomadic duck mode (NRXD) and rice shrimp mode (RX), with the traditional rice monoculture (CK) as the control, to explore the effects of different planting and breeding modes on rice growth and yield formation. The results showed that compared with CK mode, the population growth rate and tiller biomass at full heading stage were significantly increased under rice duck shrimp mode (BRXD, CRXD and NRXD), and the tiller biomass increased by 20.29%, 12.83% and 11.34%, respectively; The stem and tiller biomass of BRXD increased significantly at each stage; In terms of yield and its components, the number of panicles under rice duck shrimp model (BRXD, CRXD and NRXD) decreased, but the seed setting rate increased by an average of 7.97%, and BRXD and CRXD also promoted the increase of grain number per panicle, so BRXD and NRXD did not show yield reduction. The results showed that compared with the traditional rice monoculture, the rice duck duck shrimp model, especially BRXD and CRXD, could still achieve high yield under the premise of reducing fertilizer and pesticide inputs, indicating that the new rice shrimp duck farming model could promote the growth and yield formation of rice.