Abstract:A series of differentially expressed transcription factors were selected from the expression profiles of somatic embryos at different stages of cotton regeneration.The expression of GhSEDEG38 (somatic embryogenesis differentially expression gene 38) was significantly upregulated by salt stress by analyzing the expression of these transcription factors under different stress treatments with RT-PCR and qRT-PCR.Sequence analyses revealed that GhSEDEG38 encodes a bZIPtype transcription factor that is homologous to the ArabidopsisbZIP53 gene.In order to further verify the function of the gene,RNAi interference vectors of this gene were constructed and transformed into cotton,and transgenic cotton lines with significantly reduced expression levels were obtained through molecular detection.We compared the growth index and physical parameters between RNAi and control lines under salt treatments.The results showed that the down regulated expression of GhSEDEG38 reduced the resistance of cotton to salt stress during seed germination and early seedling stage.The MDA content and reactive oxygen species in transgenic plants was significantly higher than those in the control line,while the soluble sugar content was significantly lower than that in the control line.It is indicated thatGhSEDEG38 might be involved in the response to salt stress in cotton.

Abstract:The Chinese Journal Fulltext Database System was used to retrieve the research literature of directseeded rice and the data obtained from the literature were used to analyze the changes and relationships of the yield,yield components and dry matter accumulation of directseeded rice.Under different cultivation conditions, the yield, yield components and dry matter accumulation of directseeded rice all showed obvious fluctuations.In the four yield components, the number of effective panicles was greater than the yield,but the correlation with yield was not significant; the number of grains per panicle was not only greater than the yield,but also significantly correlated with the yield; the fluctuation of the seed setting rate and the 1 000grain weight was less than yield,not significantly related to yield.The dry matter accumulation of directseeded rice at different growth stages showed an inverted Vshape,and the fluctuation of dry matter accumulation at different growth stages showed a distinct inverted Vshaped feature. That is,the accumulation of dry matter in the early growth period is the smallest and the volatility is the largest; the accumulation of dry matter in the middle growth period is the largest and the volatility is the smallest; the accumulation amount and the fluctuation of the dry matter in the late growth period are between the early and middle periods. The relationship between the accumulation of dry matter and the yield in the early and middle stages was not significant,but the correlation between the late stage and the yield reached a significant level. Under different cultivation conditions,the level of directseeded rice production was mainly regulated by the number of grains per panicle and dry matter accumulation at the late growth stage.

Abstract:Based on the previous droughtassociatedgeneenriched SSHcDNA library and cDNAmicroarray,we preliminarily screened an HuABAR Unigene presumably involving in the tolerance of abiotic stresses including drought,cold and high temperature.Fulllength cDNA sequence of this gene was cloned.Bioinformatic analyses and subcellular localization was carried out.The results showed that HuABAR gene was significantly upregulated in response to abiotic stresses including in drought,high temperature and low temperature.The highest expression level was observed at the 5th day or the third day after drought stress or high temperature stress.The expression was increasingly unregulated as exposure to low temperature within five days.HuABAR gene contained 1 239 bp in full cDNA length,and consisted of 264 bp 5′UTR,414 bp 3′UTR,and 561 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 187 amino acids.This gene might encode a typical SRPBCC domain,and was highly similar to the PYR1/PYLs (pyrabactin resistance 1/PYR1 like) family.The target gene was ligated with green fluorescent protein (GFP) by constructing plant transient expression vector pBWA (V) HSHuABARgfp,and the PEGmediated method was used to transiently transform into Arabidopsis protoplasts.It was found that target gene was located in the cytoplasm,which satisfied the expectations.It is indicated that HuABAR in pitaya may be involved tolerance of multiple abiotic stresses.

Abstract:Coniothyrium minitans is a parasitic fungus of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,and has been developed into biological agent to control diseases caused by S. sclerotiorum. To apply the agent with the nonselective herbicides glyphosate and glufosinate to the soil before seeding,in this study,the sensitivity of C. minitans strain ZS1 to glyphosate and glufosinate was evaluated. Both glyphosate and glufosinate had inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth of strain ZS-1,with EC50 of 714.3 μg/mL and 574.5 μg/mL,respectively. The inhibition of spore germination of glyphosate was much weak (EC50 1 019.8 μg/mL),while glufosinate had no effect on spore germination. Both herbicides could strongly inhibit the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum strain 1980 with stronger inhibition of glufosinate (EC50 223.5 μg/mL) than glyphosate (EC 50 1 695.8 μg/mL). In the presence of both herbicides,parasitism of strain ZS-1 to sclerotia was reduced. Considering the characteristics of glyphosate and glufosinate,C. minitans could be used to the soil before seeding with the herbicides.

Abstract:In this study,genetic diversity among 82 Amphobotrys ricinistrains (81 strains from castor bean Ricinus communis L. and copperleaf Acalypha australis in China,1 strain from USA) was studied based on RAPD technology. The results showed that eight RAPD primers produced 63 DNA bands in total,of which 49 DNA bands were polymorphic DNA bands with the percentage of polymorphic DNA bands (PPB) reaching up to 77.8%. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.47 to 0.84 with a mean value of 0.72. The number of observation alleles (Na) was 2.000 0,the number of effective alleles (Ne) was 1.357 7,Nei’s genetic diversity index (H) was 0.227 5 and Shannon information index (I) was 0.363 1. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that genetic similarity (GS) ranged from 0.55 to 1.00 among the 82 investigated A. ricini strains. Samples could be divided into 5 groups (A,B,C,D,E) at the GS of 0.70 and B group could be divided into B1 and B2 subgroups at the GS of 0.74. The RAPD groups had a certain correlation with the geographical origin and the host of the strains. In summary,the study revealed the genetic diversity of the A. ricini population and its relationship with geographical origin and host.

Abstract:By comparing the difference of thermotolerance and the relationship between thermotolerance and heat shock protein (Hsp) mRNA level of two Lecanicillium lecanii strains,the mechanism of Hsp on heat stress tolerance was studied. The thermotolerance of mycelia and conidia between L. lecanii strain VL17 and VL18 were compared using mycelium growth rate method and spore germination method. Spray inoculation method was adopted to estimate the virulence of strain VL17 and VL18 against Lipaphis erysimi under high temperature stress. Realtime quantitative PCR (qRTPCR) was used to compare expression of the sHsp and Hsp70 genes. The results showed that the thermotolerance of both mycelia and conidia from strain VL18 were significantly higher than those from strain VL17. The colony diameter of strain VL18 was 63.16％ bigger than that of VL17 at 34℃ and the conidia germination rate of VL18 was 103％ higher than that of VL17 at 37℃. The insecticidal activities of the two strains against L. erysimi were significantly different when the temperature was above 31℃. The corrected mortality of L. erysimi inoculated with VL18 was 166.67％ higher than that with VL17 at 37℃. The qRTPCR analysis showed that the sHsp and Hsp70 mRNA of VL18 were higher than that of VL17 at 42℃ when the stress time was same. After a 120 min stress,expression of the Hsp70 and sHsp genes of strain VL18 were 16.97 and 63.74 folds as those of strain VL17,respectively. Furthermore,the expression of sHsp in both strains were significantly higher than those of Hsp70．In conclusion,sHsp played an important role in the response of L. lecanii to heat stress.

Abstract:The crude extracts of Engleromyces goetzei P. Hennings were obtained by leaching,centrifugation,precipitation and lyophilization. The crude polypeptides were obtained after extracting and isolating the crude extracts with G25 gel chromatography. The antibacterial activities were measured with paper filtering method and plate confrontation method on the diameter of inhibition zone as an indicator. It inhibited all types of tested agricultural pathogenic fungi on mycelium growth.Among them,the antibacterial activity against Gibberella zeae,Drupe anthrax and Verticilllium albo atrum was highest,with the IC50 of 8.70 μg/mL,9.48 μg/mL and 8.96 μg/mL,respectively. The crude polypeptides were further purified with HPLC to obtain an electrophoretically pure antimicrobial peptide. It had wide antimicrobial activities and was worth for the further studying.

Abstract:Fruit fly pests,as important quarantine pests for fruit and vegetable in South China and Southwest China,have become more and more serious in Central China in recent years. However,few studies have been reported. In order to understand the occurrence of fruit fly pests and related meteorological factors in Central China,we determined the population dynamics of the fruit flies in the fruit orchards in Huazhong Agricultural University and the vegetable fields in Economic Crops Research Institute,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Nanhu district of Wuhan City from April 2016 to April 2017. Methyl eugenol and cuelure were used as sex attractants to conduct trapping surveys,and the meteorological factors of Huazhong Agricultural University were used to conduct meteorological analysis. The results showed that the fruit flies caught in the present research were Bactrocera tau (Walker) and B. dorsalis (Hendel). The population dynamics patterns of the two different survey sites were very similar. The B. tau began to appear from May to early June,reached the first peak during July August,followed by a sharp decline,and reached a second small peak from late September to October (except for pear orchard and vegetable fields). While B. dorsalis began to appear after the end of June,reached the peak from late August to early September,and did not have the second small peak (except for the citrus orchard). The occurrence of the two fruit fly pests showed obvious phenomenon of peak shift. According to the statistical analysis of correlation and principal components,temperature conditions (including average temperature,average minimal temperature,and average maximal temperature) and average sunshine duration were assumed to be the key meteorological factors affecting fruit fly population dynamics. In summary,the fruit fly pests in Wuhan were mainly B. tau and B. dorsalis and the population dynamics of the two fruit fly pests indicated a significant peak shift from July to September.

Abstract:Spray tests were conducted with a 3WQF120-12 fuel powered singlerotor UVA to study the distribution regularity of droplets deposition during aerial spraying with plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in cotton field.Imidacloprid and carbosulfan were separately sprayed with UAV under two spray dosages including conventional dose and 20% dose reduction,and two spray volumes including 12 L/hm2 and 15 L/hm2.Allura red was used as tracer to measure the pesticide spray distribution.The parameters of droplets were tested with droplets test card and analyzed with image processing software DepositScan.The results showed that spray volume had a great influence on the droplets deposition of imidacloprid on cotton.The droplet depositions of imidacloprid on cotton were 99.64 μg/cm2 and 128.04 μg/cm2 under the spray volumes of 12 L/hm2 and 15 L/hm2 with the spray dosage of 90 g/hm2.The droplet depositions of these two volume groups on cotton were 75.09 μg/cm2 and 101.32 μg/cm2 when the spray dosage was 72 g/hm2.Spray dosage had a great influence on the droplets deposition of carbosulfan on cotton.The droplet depositions were 613.92 μg/cm2 and 801.59 μg/cm2 under the spray volume of 12 L/hm2 when the spray dosages were 480 g/hm2 and 600 g/hm2.The droplet depositions of these two dosage groups on cotton were 620.17 μg/cm2 and 870.64 μg/cm2 under the spray volume of 15 L/hm2.The results of analyzing droplets distribution showed that droplets density on the underside of cotton leaves ranging from 0.8 cm-2 to 238.9 cm-2 were higher than that of upperside when the spray volume was 15 L/hm2.The droplets density of the spray volume of 12 L/hm2 were lower than that on the upperside and underside of cotton leaves ranging from 1.4 cm-2 to 65.9 cm-2 and from 1.1 cm-2 to 110.7cm-2,respectively.The droplets size of the two spray volumes on the upperside of cotton leaves were larger and ranged from 83 μm to 441 μm and from 113 μm to 418 μm.The droplets size on the underside of cotton leaves were smaller and ranged from 72 μm to 242 μm and from 102 μm to 252 μm.It will provide references for applying and extending UAV to prevent and control pest in the cotton field.

Abstract:The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the microwaveassisted extraction (MAE) of anthocyanins from freezedried blueberry wine lees.The highperformance liquid chromatographyelectrospray ionizationmass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) was used to identify the structure of the anthocyanins.Using ethanol containing citrate acid,420 W power,and a 60∶1 (V/m) liquidtosolid ratio,the optimal conditions for obtaining the maximum anthocyanins yield of 1.905±0.038 mg/g were 62% ethanol containing 1.25% citrate acid,with an extraction time of 83 s and the extraction rate of 86.87% for the first time.Nine anthocyanins were identified in the extract by HPLC-ESI-MS.Results showed that malvidin 3-O-galactoside and malvidin3-O-glucoside are the major anthocyanin components in blueberry wine lees.

Abstract:The content of Hg,As,Cu,Zn,Ni,Cr,Pb and Cd in the soil of twentyfive largescale enterprises in five key industries in Hubei Province was determined.The Nemerow pollution index and Hakanson ecological risk index evaluation methods are applied to evaluate the determination results of eight heavy metals in the soil.The results showed that the proportion of monitoring sites in the soil around the five key industries that are not polluted by heavy metal was less than 50.0%-87.5%,and the proportion of monitoring sites with slight potential risks of heavy metals was 37.5%81.5%.In the two enterprisesmineral mining and smelting as well as chemical raw material and chemical manufacturing,the maximum concentration of Cd is 10.3 mg/kg and 4.5 mg/kg respectively,and As is 114.0 mg/kg and 766.0 mg/kg respectively.The soil is contaminated by heavy metals with a moderate contamination of 3.6% and 5.6%,a severe contamination of 7.1% and 5.6% respectively.7.1% and 2.9% of the monitoring soil around the two enterprises are facing seriously potential ecological risks of heavy metals.

Abstract:In this study, the carboxymethyl porous starch (CMS) synthesized from the corn starch was used as coating material. The inclusion complex of cinnamaldehyde with CMS (CA/CMS) was prepared and its structure was characterized. The results showed that cinnamaldehyde was successfully packed in the porous structure of CMS. A Layerbylayer selfassembly technique using chitosan, a cationic biopolymer with antimicrobial property, was used to encapsulate the anionic CMS. A novel cinnamaldehyde “CA/CMSChitosan” microcapsule was obtained. Its antimicrobial activity and effects on chicken breast fillets preservation were investigated. The results showed that this cinnamaldehyde microcapsule had a broadspectrum antibacterial activity. It can effectively prolong the shelf life for chicken preservation.

Abstract:In order to analyze the bacterial community structure and diversity at various stages during the fermentation process of soybean meal,MiSeq highthroughput sequencing technology was used to detect V3V4 hypervariable region sequences of the 16S rRNA gene of two batches fermented soybean meal.The differences of bacterial community between the two batch fermented soybean meal at 0 h,24 h,48 h were compared.The results showed that the main dominant genus (≥1.0%) in fermented soybean meal was Bacillus,Lactobacillus,Weissella,Lactococcus,Pediococcus.The relative abundance of Bacilluswas gradually reduced.The relative abundance of Lactobacillus increased first and then tended to be stable.The changes of bacterial community structure in the two batches of soybean meal during the entire fermentation process were similar,but the bacteria community structure in the late fermentation stage tended to be stable.It is indicated that the composition and change of microbial community during the fermentation process of different batches of soybean meal were relatively stable.It will provide guidance for the improvement and regulation of fermentation technology.

Abstract:Using MethylRAD-Seq method, we analyzed DNA methylation distribution in the genome of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and compared DNA methylation variation between the diploids and tetraploids. In total, 302 111 684 MethyRAD sequence tags were obtained and mapped to the reference genome. The results showed that, the DNA methylated sites distributed mainly in gene body, followed by intron and intergenic, but fewer methylated sites were found in other functional elements. Total DNA methylation level in the tetraploids was higher than that in the diploids, especially significant differences (P＜0.01) of DNA methylation level existed in 1st Exon and upstream 200-1 500 bp region of the transcription start site (TSS 1500). However, in the promoter region, DNA methylation level in the tetraploids was lower than that in the diploids. For DNA methylation level of each sites, 1 268 CmCGG and 14 CmCWGG sites showed significant difference between the diploids and tetraploids, which mainly distributed in intron, gene body and intergenic. A total of 684 genes exhibited significant methylation variations between ploidy. KEGG Pathway enrichment analysis showed that, the genes with DNA methylation variation between ploidy enriched mainly in the growth development, immunity and mismatch repair related signaling pathways.

Abstract:In this study,effect of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and GABA-A receptor antagonist on food intake and glucose metabolism in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) was investigated.Three groups including intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of saline and DMSO (control,D),DMSO and 125 μg GABA (DG),and DMSO,125 μg GABA and 20 μg antagonist bicuculline (DGB) were conducted.Food intake was significantly decreased in the DGB group at 0.5 h and 2 h postinjection compared with the D (control) group.Furthermore,the mRNA levels of npy and agrp were decreased significantly,which was coincident with lower food intake in Chinese perch.Blood glucose content was significantly decreased at 0.5 h post injection,but the mRNA levels of cs,pc and pfk1 were not significant changed.The result of co-injection of GABA with bicuculline indicated that GABA acts as an orexigenic factor and further research about GABA on glucose metabolism is needed in Chinese perch.

Abstract:The effects of pH on gel properties of L-arginineadded grass carp surimi were studied. The surimi gels were made with twostage heating method. The results showed that waterholding capacity, gel strength, textural characteristics, rheological properties and microstructure of the surimi gel were improved after adding 0.65% L-arginine，comparing to the L-argininefree test group (P<0.05). However, whiteness of the surimi gel with 0.65%L-arginine adding was significantly decreased (P<0.05).When pH of L-arginine added surimi was adjusted to 6.5, whiteness value of the surimi gel was significantly higher than that of the unadjusted groups. But waterholding capacity, gel strength, textural characteristics, rheological properties and microstructure of adjusted surimi gel were significantly lower than that of unadjusted surimi gel (P<0.05). It is indicated that L-arginine can improve the gel properties of grass carp surimi. The strong basicity of L-arginine and the interactions between L-arginine groups and surimi protein molecules is the reason for that.

Abstract:Myofibrillar protein is the key protein affecting the quality of surimi products.Scanning electron microscopy and SDSPAGE was used to investigate the effects of angelica powers and its extracts on the microstructure of snakehead myofibrillar protein and its mechanism.The results showed that myofibrillar protein structure was more compact.Adding a small quantity of angelica powder facilitated the formation of 3D network structure.The quality of surimi products was improved to some extent.However,the myofibrillar protein structure was loose when the massive angelica was added into the surimi,indicating that the protein network structure was destroyed.The total relative content of αhelix and βturn contain in myofibrillar protein increased first and then decreased,while the total relative content of βturn and random coil determined by both fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism decreased first and then increased.It will provide a theoretical basis for the exploration of new upmarket surimi products with nutrition and health care function.

Abstract:In order to study the windinduced vibration response of plastic greenhouses,the investigated lump method for analyzing the windinduced vibration response of plastic greenhouses was proposed.The calculation formulas for the internal forces of the segments of the plastic frame structure were deduced,and the composition of the investigated lump was designed.The mechanical model of the investigated lump in the skeletal structure was constructed,the process of the studied block method was given,and the wave propagation example of the equal section cylindrical rod was used to verify the effectiveness of the method.At the same time considering the mean wind and the fluctuating wind action,considering only the pulsating wind action and considering only the average wind action,the timehistory analysis of the windinduced vibration response of plastic greenhouses with different spans was performed to obtain the nodal displacement of the skeletal structure.And the location of the maximum value of the stress space in the section.The results showed that the calculated results of both the nodal displacement and the section stress are fluctuating wind loads and are significantly larger than the average wind loads.Therefore,the windinduced vibration response analysis of the plastic greenhouse structure needs to consider the role of pulsating wind loads.